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Showing posts with label Racial groups of burma (Myanmar). Show all posts
Showing posts with label Racial groups of burma (Myanmar). Show all posts
Monday, November 29, 2010
Friday, March 7, 2008
KAMAN, A RACIAL GROUP OF MYANMAR
A COMMUNITY WELL-KNOWN IN THE HISTORY OF RAKHAING IS VERY LITTLE KNOWN EVEN IN MYANMAR NOT TO SPEAK OF IN NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES.
THE WESTERN COASTLINE OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR ( BURMA ) ON THE BAY OF BENGAL IS SITUATED THE RAKHAING STATE (ARAKAN) WHERE A COMMUNITY " KAMAN" ( MEANING A BOW IN PERSIAN) OR
" KAMANCHI" LIVES IN HARMONY AMONG THE VARIOUS RAKHAING RACES.
KING NARAMEIKHLA ( 1404 – 1434 ) STRUCK COINS BEARING THE ISLAMIC " KALIMAH" ON ONE SIDE AND HIS NAME IN BURMESE ON THE OTHER. HIS DESCENDANTS, FROM 1434 TO 1531, NINE RAKHAING KINGS HAD MUSLIM TITLES ( D.G.E.HALL, G.E. HARVEY ).
A RECENT BOOK IN BURMESE (MYANMAR) "KAMAN LUMYOZU" PUBLISHED BY A KAMAN ASSOCIATION IN YANGON TRACES THE HISTOUY OF KAMANS OR" ARCHERS" IN THE ARMIES OF RAKHAING ( ARAKANESE) KINGS OF YORE AND HOW THE RETINUE OF THE MOGHUL PRINCE SHAH SHUJA WHO ARRIVED MRAUK-U, THE CAPITAL OF ARAKAN, IN1660, WAS ABSORBED IN THE KAMAN UNITS.
ACCORDING TO A FRENCH PHYSICIST, FRANCOIS BERNIER, THE PRINCE ASKED FOR TEMPORARY ASYLUM FROM THE KING OF ARAKAN, SANDATHUDHAMA ( 1652 – 1687 ).
JOINT ARAKANESE – PORTUGUESE RAIDS IN NEIGHBOURING BENGAL HAVE ENRICHED THE ARAKANESE COURT , ACCORDING TO THE AUGUSTINE MONK TRAVELLER SEBASTIAN MANRIQUE WHO WROTE ABOUT MUSLIM SETTLEMENTS IN ARAKAN DURING THE PERIOD 1629 – 1637.
ACCORDING TO BRITISH HISTORIAN G.E. HARVEY , DUE TO THE SUCCESSION PROBLEM OF THE MOGHUL THRONE IN DELHI IN WHICH AURANGZEB SUCCEEDED, PRINCE SHUJA HAD TO FLEE FROM BENGAL TO THE NEIGHBOURING ARAKAN ( RAKHAING) KINGDOM. THENCE HE INTENDED TO PROCEED WITH HIS FAMILY ON PILGRIMAGE TO HOLY MAKKAH.
THE RAKHAING KING GAVE HIM SHELTER BUT WHEN HE ASKED FOR A DAUHGTER OF THE MOGHUL PRINCE, THEIR RELATIONSHIP TURNED INTO ENMITY. THIS INCIDENT IS RECORDED BY " DAGHREGISTER" OF THFE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY IN BATAVIA (D.G.E.HALL).
ARAKANESE CHRONICLES STATE THAT SHAH SHUJA TRIED TO CONQUER ARAKAN WITH HIS OWN SOLDIERS ( AROUND 300), WITH THE HELP OF MUSLIM SOLDIERS IN THE RAKHAING ARMY AND OF THE LOCAL MUSLIM POPULATION.
SIR ARTHER P. PHAYRE IN HIS " HISTORY OF BURMA " EMPHASISED THAT THE FAILURE OF KING SANDATHUDHAMA TO PROVIDE SHIPS FOR THE PRINCE TO PROCEED TO HOLY MAKKAH AS PROMISED, AND THE DEMAND FOR A MOHGUL PRINCESS MUST HAVE PROMPTED SHAH SHUJA TO TAKE UP ARMS. MOSHE YEGAR IN " THE MUSLIMS OF BURMA " ( 1972- OTTO HARRASSOWITZ, WIESBADEN ) ENDORSED SIR PHAYRE'S VIEW.
ANYWAY, IT IS A WELL – KNOWN FACT THAT SHAH SHUJA AND HIS FAMILY WERE MARTYRED. HIS RETINUE WAS LATER ABSORBED INTO THE RAKHAING ARCHERS' UNITS. KNOWN AS KAMANS, SPEAK RAKHAING, THEY LIVE ON RAMREE ISLAND AND IN VARIOUS KAMAN VILLAGES AND SETTLEMENTS LIKE THINGANET, THAYAGON IN SITTWAY ( AKYAB) .
ACCORDING TO HARVEY , THE KAMANS WERE KING-MAKERS IN RAKHAING "SETTING UP KINGS AT WILL".
TODAY, WITH MODERN EDUCATION MANY OF THEM HOLD IMPORTANT GOVERNMENTAL POSTS. ALTHOUGH FEW IN NUMBERS THEY ARE RESPECTED FOR THEIR INTEGRITY AND SELF – CONFIDENCE. THEY SPEAK RAKHAING & BURMESE, AND DRESS LIKE RAKHAING & BURMESE.
OUTSIDE RAKHAING STATE , THE DESCENDANTS OF KAMANS ARE FOUND IN TOUNGOO, YANGON, AND MANDALAY AND MANY OTHER PARTS OF MYA NMAR. THEY SPEAK MYANMAR AND DRESS LIKE MYANMAR .
U SHWE HMAING , CHIEF OF TOUNGOO, LED THE " THEINGYI
( THEINBYU) TAT" BATTALION OF ABOUT 500 RAKHAING KAMANS DURING THE REIGN OF BURMESE KING BAGYIDAW WHEN THE BRITISH LANDED IN YANGON AND INVADED BURMA (1824 -1826). IN THE SECOND ANGLO- BURMESE WAR
( 1852) , HIS SON BO KARIM COMMANDED THE " THEINGYI TAT" WHICH FOUGHT THE BRITISH COLONIALISTS.
THE PRESENT " TACHANPE MOSQUE" NEAR AUNG SAN STADIUM, YANGON (WHICH IS TABLIGH JAMAAT MARKAZ, AND HAS WOMEN'S APARTMENT FOR FRIDAY CONGREGATIONS) IS BUILT ON LAND DONATED BY KING BAGYIDAW IN 1826.
THE DESCENDANTS OF TOUNGOO KAMANS IN YANGON BUILT OKKYUKKON MOSQUE ON 130 STREET, TAWAJJAH ( SUFI ORDER) MOSQUE IN THE OLD MUSLIM CEMETERY ( KANDAWGLAY) AND MUSTAFA MOSQUE, BOTAHTAUNG.
SPEAKING BURMESE, INTERMARRIAGES AMONG FELLOW MUSLIMS
ARE COMMON AND THE "MIXED" KAMANS TODAY ARE JUST " MYANMAR MUSLIMS".
THE RECENT BOOK ON KAMANS HIGHLIGHTS THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE FIELDS OF EDUCATION, MILITARY AND CIVIL SERVICES, TRADE, SPORTS, ETC WITH PHOTOGRAPHS OF EMINENT KAMAN MEN AND WOMEN. DUE TO THE ASSIMILATION PROCESS, THE IDENTITY OF THE HISTORIC KAMAN RACE SHOULD NOT DISAPPEAR; THIS IS THE THEME OF "KAMAN LUMYOZU".
MARCH 8,, 2008
( MALAYSIA – 12 TH GENERAL ELECTION DAY)
MAUNG-KO GHAFFARI
CHIEF EDITOR,
" ISLAM ALIN"( THE LIGHT OF ISLAM)
NO 58, 130 STREET, KANDAWGLAY, YANGON , MYANMAR ( BURMA )
THE WESTERN COASTLINE OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR ( BURMA ) ON THE BAY OF BENGAL IS SITUATED THE RAKHAING STATE (ARAKAN) WHERE A COMMUNITY " KAMAN" ( MEANING A BOW IN PERSIAN) OR
" KAMANCHI" LIVES IN HARMONY AMONG THE VARIOUS RAKHAING RACES.
KING NARAMEIKHLA ( 1404 – 1434 ) STRUCK COINS BEARING THE ISLAMIC " KALIMAH" ON ONE SIDE AND HIS NAME IN BURMESE ON THE OTHER. HIS DESCENDANTS, FROM 1434 TO 1531, NINE RAKHAING KINGS HAD MUSLIM TITLES ( D.G.E.HALL, G.E. HARVEY ).
A RECENT BOOK IN BURMESE (MYANMAR) "KAMAN LUMYOZU" PUBLISHED BY A KAMAN ASSOCIATION IN YANGON TRACES THE HISTOUY OF KAMANS OR" ARCHERS" IN THE ARMIES OF RAKHAING ( ARAKANESE) KINGS OF YORE AND HOW THE RETINUE OF THE MOGHUL PRINCE SHAH SHUJA WHO ARRIVED MRAUK-U, THE CAPITAL OF ARAKAN, IN1660, WAS ABSORBED IN THE KAMAN UNITS.
ACCORDING TO A FRENCH PHYSICIST, FRANCOIS BERNIER, THE PRINCE ASKED FOR TEMPORARY ASYLUM FROM THE KING OF ARAKAN, SANDATHUDHAMA ( 1652 – 1687 ).
JOINT ARAKANESE – PORTUGUESE RAIDS IN NEIGHBOURING BENGAL HAVE ENRICHED THE ARAKANESE COURT , ACCORDING TO THE AUGUSTINE MONK TRAVELLER SEBASTIAN MANRIQUE WHO WROTE ABOUT MUSLIM SETTLEMENTS IN ARAKAN DURING THE PERIOD 1629 – 1637.
ACCORDING TO BRITISH HISTORIAN G.E. HARVEY , DUE TO THE SUCCESSION PROBLEM OF THE MOGHUL THRONE IN DELHI IN WHICH AURANGZEB SUCCEEDED, PRINCE SHUJA HAD TO FLEE FROM BENGAL TO THE NEIGHBOURING ARAKAN ( RAKHAING) KINGDOM. THENCE HE INTENDED TO PROCEED WITH HIS FAMILY ON PILGRIMAGE TO HOLY MAKKAH.
THE RAKHAING KING GAVE HIM SHELTER BUT WHEN HE ASKED FOR A DAUHGTER OF THE MOGHUL PRINCE, THEIR RELATIONSHIP TURNED INTO ENMITY. THIS INCIDENT IS RECORDED BY " DAGHREGISTER" OF THFE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY IN BATAVIA (D.G.E.HALL).
ARAKANESE CHRONICLES STATE THAT SHAH SHUJA TRIED TO CONQUER ARAKAN WITH HIS OWN SOLDIERS ( AROUND 300), WITH THE HELP OF MUSLIM SOLDIERS IN THE RAKHAING ARMY AND OF THE LOCAL MUSLIM POPULATION.
SIR ARTHER P. PHAYRE IN HIS " HISTORY OF BURMA " EMPHASISED THAT THE FAILURE OF KING SANDATHUDHAMA TO PROVIDE SHIPS FOR THE PRINCE TO PROCEED TO HOLY MAKKAH AS PROMISED, AND THE DEMAND FOR A MOHGUL PRINCESS MUST HAVE PROMPTED SHAH SHUJA TO TAKE UP ARMS. MOSHE YEGAR IN " THE MUSLIMS OF BURMA " ( 1972- OTTO HARRASSOWITZ, WIESBADEN ) ENDORSED SIR PHAYRE'S VIEW.
ANYWAY, IT IS A WELL – KNOWN FACT THAT SHAH SHUJA AND HIS FAMILY WERE MARTYRED. HIS RETINUE WAS LATER ABSORBED INTO THE RAKHAING ARCHERS' UNITS. KNOWN AS KAMANS, SPEAK RAKHAING, THEY LIVE ON RAMREE ISLAND AND IN VARIOUS KAMAN VILLAGES AND SETTLEMENTS LIKE THINGANET, THAYAGON IN SITTWAY ( AKYAB) .
ACCORDING TO HARVEY , THE KAMANS WERE KING-MAKERS IN RAKHAING "SETTING UP KINGS AT WILL".
TODAY, WITH MODERN EDUCATION MANY OF THEM HOLD IMPORTANT GOVERNMENTAL POSTS. ALTHOUGH FEW IN NUMBERS THEY ARE RESPECTED FOR THEIR INTEGRITY AND SELF – CONFIDENCE. THEY SPEAK RAKHAING & BURMESE, AND DRESS LIKE RAKHAING & BURMESE.
OUTSIDE RAKHAING STATE , THE DESCENDANTS OF KAMANS ARE FOUND IN TOUNGOO, YANGON, AND MANDALAY AND MANY OTHER PARTS OF MYA NMAR. THEY SPEAK MYANMAR AND DRESS LIKE MYANMAR .
U SHWE HMAING , CHIEF OF TOUNGOO, LED THE " THEINGYI
( THEINBYU) TAT" BATTALION OF ABOUT 500 RAKHAING KAMANS DURING THE REIGN OF BURMESE KING BAGYIDAW WHEN THE BRITISH LANDED IN YANGON AND INVADED BURMA (1824 -1826). IN THE SECOND ANGLO- BURMESE WAR
( 1852) , HIS SON BO KARIM COMMANDED THE " THEINGYI TAT" WHICH FOUGHT THE BRITISH COLONIALISTS.
THE PRESENT " TACHANPE MOSQUE" NEAR AUNG SAN STADIUM, YANGON (WHICH IS TABLIGH JAMAAT MARKAZ, AND HAS WOMEN'S APARTMENT FOR FRIDAY CONGREGATIONS) IS BUILT ON LAND DONATED BY KING BAGYIDAW IN 1826.
THE DESCENDANTS OF TOUNGOO KAMANS IN YANGON BUILT OKKYUKKON MOSQUE ON 130 STREET, TAWAJJAH ( SUFI ORDER) MOSQUE IN THE OLD MUSLIM CEMETERY ( KANDAWGLAY) AND MUSTAFA MOSQUE, BOTAHTAUNG.
SPEAKING BURMESE, INTERMARRIAGES AMONG FELLOW MUSLIMS
ARE COMMON AND THE "MIXED" KAMANS TODAY ARE JUST " MYANMAR MUSLIMS".
THE RECENT BOOK ON KAMANS HIGHLIGHTS THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE FIELDS OF EDUCATION, MILITARY AND CIVIL SERVICES, TRADE, SPORTS, ETC WITH PHOTOGRAPHS OF EMINENT KAMAN MEN AND WOMEN. DUE TO THE ASSIMILATION PROCESS, THE IDENTITY OF THE HISTORIC KAMAN RACE SHOULD NOT DISAPPEAR; THIS IS THE THEME OF "KAMAN LUMYOZU".
MARCH 8,, 2008
( MALAYSIA – 12 TH GENERAL ELECTION DAY)
MAUNG-KO GHAFFARI
CHIEF EDITOR,
" ISLAM ALIN"( THE LIGHT OF ISLAM)
NO 58, 130 STREET, KANDAWGLAY, YANGON , MYANMAR ( BURMA )
Saturday, December 22, 2007
EU provides 3.9 million euros for Rohingya refugees
December 06, 2007 - The U.N. refugee agency has welcomed the European Commission's (EC) donation of 3.9 million euros (over USD $ 5.7 million) over the next two years to end the plight of refugees from Burma languishing in the southeastern part of Bangladesh over a long period of time. The contribution agreement was signed in the capital, Dhaka on Thursday by Phiri and Ambassador Stefan Frowein, Head of the EC delegation in Bangladesh. "This contribution- more than doubles the amount the EC gave in 2006-07-and underlines just how serious the European Community is about helping UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees) and the government of Bangladesh to bring to an end the protracted plight of these refugees," said UNHCR Representative for Bangladesh, Pia Prytz Phiri. The EC has long been the largest donor to UNHCR's operations in Bangladesh, which cost $ 54 million since the arrival of the Rohingya refugees from Burma in 1991 and 1992, according to the UNHCR. Most of the Muslim refugees from northern Rakhine state went back home to western Burma soon after seeking refuge in Bangladesh, but 27,000 remain in two refugee camps - Nayapara and Kutupalong – near Cox's Bazaar district of Bangladesh. "The money of course allows us to provide the daily necessities for refugees in the camps," Phiri said. "And we are especially grateful that the EC speeded up the process so that we will be able to spend this money from January, without any delays." With the backing of the EC and other donors, the UNHCR won an agreement from the Bangladesh government for significant improvements over the past year in the two camps, Nayapara and Kutupalong, which had been among the worst in the world, the UN agency said in a press statement. New shelters are being constructed for all the refugees, another grade has been added to the informal education system, and the national school curriculum is being introduced, the statement said, adding that the UNHCR, with its partners, has also been able to provide literacy training for adults, enhanced skills training and improved medical care in the two camps. "But just as important has been the solidarity of the European Community in working together with UNHCR and other donors to help the Bangladesh government find lasting solutions for the refugees. It's clear to everyone that these people cannot go on living in refugee camps forever," Phiri observed. Worldwide, the EC is UNHCR's third-largest donor, having contributed more than $79 million to the agency's global budget of $1.45 billion in 2007.
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