Showing posts with label Prophets. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Prophets. Show all posts
Friday, July 3, 2009
Monday, January 28, 2008
Jesus in Islam
"Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! Allah gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him: his name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, held in honor in this world and the Hereafter, he is of those nearest to Allah"; [Qur'an 3:45]
Belief in Prophets (May Allah's Peace be upon all of them)
Islam emphasizes the universality of the institution of prophethood. According to the Qur'an, there is not a single nation in the world to which a prophet has not appeared sometime in history: "There is not a people but a warner has gone among them" [Q35:24]. And again: "For every nation there is a messenger" [Q10:47]
The Qur'an mentions about 25 of the Biblical Prophets by name [Q4:163] and we are further told that there have been prophets besides those mentioned in the Qur'an: "And We sent messengers We have mentioned to thee before, and messengers We have not mentioned to thee" [Q4:164] .
It is an Islamic article of Faith to believe ...
in all Prophets; from Adam through Abraham, Moses, Jesus to Muhammad (peace be upon them) [Q2:184]
all Prophets were models of excellence who were commissioned to guide humankind [Q2:213]
the mission of Prophets was to establish justice for all [Q57:25]
that Prophets were the embodiments of Righteousness;
"And Zachariah, John, Jesus and Elijah;
all of these were of the most Righteous." [Q6:85]
It is an accepted fact in Islam that the struggle and legacy of the prophets (peace be upon them) serve as universal guides, excellent examples and as sources of hope and inspiration.
Status of Maryam/Mary
Mary, the mother of Jesus, is a prominent figure in Islam and the only woman mentioned by name in the Qur'an. The Qur'an upholds Mary as one of the four perfect examples of womanhood [Q66:12] . Mary is mentioned more times and more biographical information about her is contained in the Qur'an than in the entire New Testament.
The birth of Jesus Christ is described in twice in the Qur'an - chapter 3 and chapter 19. Reading from the beginning of his birth, we come across the story of Mary, and the esteemed position which she occupies in the House of Islam, before the actual annunciation of the birth of Jesus is made.
The Qur'anic account of Mary includes the pregnancy of her mother, Mary's birth and the annunciations of the coming birth of Jesus: "Remember how she preserved her chastity, into whom We breathed a life from Us, and made her and her son a token for humankind" [Q21:91]. The Qur'an teaches that Mary is to be revered because she completely submitted herself to God's will, even though it meant that her own family would accuse her of unchastity when it was discovered that she was pregnant [Q19:16-21] .
The mother of Jesus (peace be upon them) is accorded highest respect and considered as among the most noble in the estimation of Allah. [Q3:33] Behold! the angels said: O Mary! Allah has chosen you and purified you, chosen you above the women of all nations." [Q3:42]
The entire chapter 19 titled Maryam/Mary in the Qur'an and another (chapter 3) is titled Al-'Imran after the family of Mary.
Jesus /'Isa referred to 9 times in the Qur'an as 'Isa and 16 times as 'Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus son of Mary)
Mary is considered chaste, virtuous, receiver of God's spirit, a testimony to the veracity of God's message and piously obedient [Q66:11]
Jesus (pbuh) himself is recorded as saying about his respected mother,
Uniqueness of Jesus (pbuh)
Virgin birth -The Qur'an gives an account of the birth of Jesus in chapter 3. Mary is described as being a virgin, chosen by God, and considered with great honor. "Behold! the angels said: O Mary! Allah gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him: his name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary." [Q3:45] . Verse 47 relates the response of and to Mary, "She said: O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has touched me? He said: 'Even so: Allah creates what He wills: When He has decreed a plan, He merely says to it, 'Be,' and it is!" The Qur'an thus affirms and Muslims believe that Jesus was born of the virgin Mary. The birth is seen as a sign (ayah) of Allah's power and as a miraculous event. And Muslims have a high regard also for Mary. However, the Qur'an presents Jesus as the son of Mary and not as the Son of God, a significant point particularly emphasized.
Like Adam (pbuh) -Though the unique birth of Jesus with one parent is no indication of divinity just as Adam's creation was without any parentage [Q3:59] .
Messiah -It is obvious that Jesus holds an exalted place within Islam. Some of the honorable epithets of Jesus (pbuh) mentioned in the Qur'an are ... prophet / nabi, messenger of God / rasul, of the Righteous / min-as-salihin, word of Allah / kalimatu-Llah), spirit from God / ruhun mina' Llah, positive sign/symbol for humanity / aayatun lin- naas, mercy from God / rahmatan minna, the son of Mary / ibne Maryam, eminent in this world and the next / wajihan fid-dunya wal-aakhirah, and most unique of all... the Messiah / masih.
Miracles -The Qur'an speaks of Jesus possessing intellect and eloquence in childhood [Q19:30] and documents some of Jesus' miracles, including curing the sick, restoring the sight of the blind and reviving the dead, with God's permission [Q5:110] .
The Qur'an specifically mentions two miracles which the Bible does not contain;
1. The Qur'an records Jesus as an infant verbally defending Mary's innocence [Q19:27-35]. In Surah 19:27-34, Jesus speaks from the cradle to state his mission. Jesus said, "I am indeed a servant of Allah Who has given me revelation and made me a prophet."
2. The Qur'an [Q5:110] also reports that Jesus formed a bird out of clay, and blew into it, and it came to life and flew away.
This last miracle is not recorded in the canonical New Testament but does appear in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas.
It must be remembered that all miracles / mu'jizah performed by prophets (pbuh) are done through the agency of the prophets but by the power and authority of God. Jesus' miracles too are considered basically in the line of his being a prophet and in God's enabling and permitting him to do so. The Qur'an thus stresses the fact that the miracles of Jesus were performed by the permission and power of God [Q5:110] .
No Easter Commemoration
Millions of Christians commemorate the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus (pbuh), and this begs the question that if Jesus is important to Muslims, why do Muslims then not commemorate Easter. Though Muslims accept Jesus (pbuh) as a great prophet, revere his exemplary mother Mary, and believe that Jesus is the Messiah; Muslims do not accept the major concepts that are central to the commemoration of the Easter weekend. Among these concepts are...
Divine Incarnation and Trinity [Q4:171][Q112:1-4] -Allah is ONE in an absolute sense, no one shares in His Lordship nor in His divinity; nothing is equal or comparable to God. This is in keeping with the command, "and Jesus answered him, the first of all the commandment is, Hear, O Israel; The LORD our God is One LORD." [Mark 12:29]. In promoting a great human such as Jesus (pbuh) to divinity, does not elevate Jesus as much as it minimizes the concept of the divine; is not making the finite infinite as much as making the perfect imperfect; not an elevation of Jesus, but rather a devaluation of the Divine.
Crucifixion -Christ, according to Muslim belief, did NOT die on a cross [Q4:157] but was rather elevated by Allah and saved from being killed [Q4:158].
Resurrection -Not having died, Jesus could NOT have been resurrected [Q4:156].
Inherited Sinfulness [Q2:285] -Babies are born pure and no one is born bearing the sin of any one and no one bears the burden of another [Q17:15] .
Redemption / Atonement -Muslims do not believe in the doctrine of Original Sin, so there is no theological need for the all-atoning sacrifice of Jesus through his crucifixion and resurrection. Muslims further believe that each person will be held accountable before God for his/her own actions and thus responsible for their own salvation. Therefore, we will not be able to rely upon anyone else, not even Jesus or Muhammad, to save us from our sins. Sins are those acts we deliberately incur by our choice of actions, we are responsible and hence personally accountable. In Islam there is no notion of redemption for one's sin by another. Each one is accountable for himself/herself [Q99:7-8] and for each person according to his/her personal striving [Q2:286] .
Jesus is ...
Jesus denied by some as a fictional character, accused of being an illegitimate child by some, misconceived as divine by many; considered as a Prophet and Messiah in Islam. People do have differing perspectives on Jesus' life and teachings, but his spiritual legacy, as a righteous and principled guide, his mission as a Prince of Peace offers an alternative opportunity for people of faith to recognize their shared religious heritage.
Allah bears testimony to the truthfulness of Jesus; his mission, character, status and his very being. "Such (was) Jesus the son of Mary: a statement of truth, about which people dispute." [Q19:34].
All sincere ones would do well to reflect on the verse in the Quran reaffirming Islam's eternal message of spiritual unity: "Say: 'We believe in God and the revelation given to us and to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, and message given to Moses and Jesus, and that given to all Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and it is unto Him that we surrender ourselves." [Q2:136]
By: Sadullah Khan
Belief in Prophets (May Allah's Peace be upon all of them)
Islam emphasizes the universality of the institution of prophethood. According to the Qur'an, there is not a single nation in the world to which a prophet has not appeared sometime in history: "There is not a people but a warner has gone among them" [Q35:24]. And again: "For every nation there is a messenger" [Q10:47]
The Qur'an mentions about 25 of the Biblical Prophets by name [Q4:163] and we are further told that there have been prophets besides those mentioned in the Qur'an: "And We sent messengers We have mentioned to thee before, and messengers We have not mentioned to thee" [Q4:164] .
It is an Islamic article of Faith to believe ...
in all Prophets; from Adam through Abraham, Moses, Jesus to Muhammad (peace be upon them) [Q2:184]
all Prophets were models of excellence who were commissioned to guide humankind [Q2:213]
the mission of Prophets was to establish justice for all [Q57:25]
that Prophets were the embodiments of Righteousness;
"And Zachariah, John, Jesus and Elijah;
all of these were of the most Righteous." [Q6:85]
It is an accepted fact in Islam that the struggle and legacy of the prophets (peace be upon them) serve as universal guides, excellent examples and as sources of hope and inspiration.
Status of Maryam/Mary
Mary, the mother of Jesus, is a prominent figure in Islam and the only woman mentioned by name in the Qur'an. The Qur'an upholds Mary as one of the four perfect examples of womanhood [Q66:12] . Mary is mentioned more times and more biographical information about her is contained in the Qur'an than in the entire New Testament.
The birth of Jesus Christ is described in twice in the Qur'an - chapter 3 and chapter 19. Reading from the beginning of his birth, we come across the story of Mary, and the esteemed position which she occupies in the House of Islam, before the actual annunciation of the birth of Jesus is made.
The Qur'anic account of Mary includes the pregnancy of her mother, Mary's birth and the annunciations of the coming birth of Jesus: "Remember how she preserved her chastity, into whom We breathed a life from Us, and made her and her son a token for humankind" [Q21:91]. The Qur'an teaches that Mary is to be revered because she completely submitted herself to God's will, even though it meant that her own family would accuse her of unchastity when it was discovered that she was pregnant [Q19:16-21] .
The mother of Jesus (peace be upon them) is accorded highest respect and considered as among the most noble in the estimation of Allah. [Q3:33] Behold! the angels said: O Mary! Allah has chosen you and purified you, chosen you above the women of all nations." [Q3:42]
The entire chapter 19 titled Maryam/Mary in the Qur'an and another (chapter 3) is titled Al-'Imran after the family of Mary.
Jesus /'Isa referred to 9 times in the Qur'an as 'Isa and 16 times as 'Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus son of Mary)
Mary is considered chaste, virtuous, receiver of God's spirit, a testimony to the veracity of God's message and piously obedient [Q66:11]
Jesus (pbuh) himself is recorded as saying about his respected mother,
Uniqueness of Jesus (pbuh)
Virgin birth -The Qur'an gives an account of the birth of Jesus in chapter 3. Mary is described as being a virgin, chosen by God, and considered with great honor. "Behold! the angels said: O Mary! Allah gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him: his name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary." [Q3:45] . Verse 47 relates the response of and to Mary, "She said: O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has touched me? He said: 'Even so: Allah creates what He wills: When He has decreed a plan, He merely says to it, 'Be,' and it is!" The Qur'an thus affirms and Muslims believe that Jesus was born of the virgin Mary. The birth is seen as a sign (ayah) of Allah's power and as a miraculous event. And Muslims have a high regard also for Mary. However, the Qur'an presents Jesus as the son of Mary and not as the Son of God, a significant point particularly emphasized.
Like Adam (pbuh) -Though the unique birth of Jesus with one parent is no indication of divinity just as Adam's creation was without any parentage [Q3:59] .
Messiah -It is obvious that Jesus holds an exalted place within Islam. Some of the honorable epithets of Jesus (pbuh) mentioned in the Qur'an are ... prophet / nabi, messenger of God / rasul, of the Righteous / min-as-salihin, word of Allah / kalimatu-Llah), spirit from God / ruhun mina' Llah, positive sign/symbol for humanity / aayatun lin- naas, mercy from God / rahmatan minna, the son of Mary / ibne Maryam, eminent in this world and the next / wajihan fid-dunya wal-aakhirah, and most unique of all... the Messiah / masih.
Miracles -The Qur'an speaks of Jesus possessing intellect and eloquence in childhood [Q19:30] and documents some of Jesus' miracles, including curing the sick, restoring the sight of the blind and reviving the dead, with God's permission [Q5:110] .
The Qur'an specifically mentions two miracles which the Bible does not contain;
1. The Qur'an records Jesus as an infant verbally defending Mary's innocence [Q19:27-35]. In Surah 19:27-34, Jesus speaks from the cradle to state his mission. Jesus said, "I am indeed a servant of Allah Who has given me revelation and made me a prophet."
2. The Qur'an [Q5:110] also reports that Jesus formed a bird out of clay, and blew into it, and it came to life and flew away.
This last miracle is not recorded in the canonical New Testament but does appear in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas.
It must be remembered that all miracles / mu'jizah performed by prophets (pbuh) are done through the agency of the prophets but by the power and authority of God. Jesus' miracles too are considered basically in the line of his being a prophet and in God's enabling and permitting him to do so. The Qur'an thus stresses the fact that the miracles of Jesus were performed by the permission and power of God [Q5:110] .
No Easter Commemoration
Millions of Christians commemorate the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus (pbuh), and this begs the question that if Jesus is important to Muslims, why do Muslims then not commemorate Easter. Though Muslims accept Jesus (pbuh) as a great prophet, revere his exemplary mother Mary, and believe that Jesus is the Messiah; Muslims do not accept the major concepts that are central to the commemoration of the Easter weekend. Among these concepts are...
Divine Incarnation and Trinity [Q4:171][Q112:1-4] -Allah is ONE in an absolute sense, no one shares in His Lordship nor in His divinity; nothing is equal or comparable to God. This is in keeping with the command, "and Jesus answered him, the first of all the commandment is, Hear, O Israel; The LORD our God is One LORD." [Mark 12:29]. In promoting a great human such as Jesus (pbuh) to divinity, does not elevate Jesus as much as it minimizes the concept of the divine; is not making the finite infinite as much as making the perfect imperfect; not an elevation of Jesus, but rather a devaluation of the Divine.
Crucifixion -Christ, according to Muslim belief, did NOT die on a cross [Q4:157] but was rather elevated by Allah and saved from being killed [Q4:158].
Resurrection -Not having died, Jesus could NOT have been resurrected [Q4:156].
Inherited Sinfulness [Q2:285] -Babies are born pure and no one is born bearing the sin of any one and no one bears the burden of another [Q17:15] .
Redemption / Atonement -Muslims do not believe in the doctrine of Original Sin, so there is no theological need for the all-atoning sacrifice of Jesus through his crucifixion and resurrection. Muslims further believe that each person will be held accountable before God for his/her own actions and thus responsible for their own salvation. Therefore, we will not be able to rely upon anyone else, not even Jesus or Muhammad, to save us from our sins. Sins are those acts we deliberately incur by our choice of actions, we are responsible and hence personally accountable. In Islam there is no notion of redemption for one's sin by another. Each one is accountable for himself/herself [Q99:7-8] and for each person according to his/her personal striving [Q2:286] .
Jesus is ...
Jesus denied by some as a fictional character, accused of being an illegitimate child by some, misconceived as divine by many; considered as a Prophet and Messiah in Islam. People do have differing perspectives on Jesus' life and teachings, but his spiritual legacy, as a righteous and principled guide, his mission as a Prince of Peace offers an alternative opportunity for people of faith to recognize their shared religious heritage.
Allah bears testimony to the truthfulness of Jesus; his mission, character, status and his very being. "Such (was) Jesus the son of Mary: a statement of truth, about which people dispute." [Q19:34].
All sincere ones would do well to reflect on the verse in the Quran reaffirming Islam's eternal message of spiritual unity: "Say: 'We believe in God and the revelation given to us and to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, and message given to Moses and Jesus, and that given to all Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and it is unto Him that we surrender ourselves." [Q2:136]
By: Sadullah Khan
Friday, January 25, 2008
Prophet Ayub(PBUH)
The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was one of the descendants of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and a nephew of Prophet Ya'qub (peace be upon him). He was sent to reform the people who lived in the desert situated in the north eastern corner of Palestine. When Ayub (Job) was chosen to be the Prophet, he started to teach the people about God and His religion. He advised the people to do good and shun evil. As usual with all the Prophets very few people believed in him in the beginning but gradually the number of his followers began to increase.
The Prophet Ayub was Well Off
The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was a prosperous man with firm faith in Allah. He possessed vast farms, enormous wealth, many cattle and valuable property but these things did not make him arrogant. His wealth provided him with a medium by means of which he sought Allah's grace.
The Prophet Ayub Displays Patience
The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was a pattern of humility and faith in Allah. He was very patient. He suffered from a number of calamities but did not utter a single word of complaint. One day his big farm was attacked by the thieves. They killed many of his servants and carried away forcibly all his cattle. The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) did not feel sorry at this loss and thanked Allah.
After some time the roof of the house fell down and many members of his family were crushed. The Prophet Ayyub (peace be upon him) was much shocked but he held fast to his faith in Allah. He neither shed a tear nor heaved a sigh. He prostrated before the Almighty. He remarked that possessions and children were the gifts from Allah. If He had taken His things, it was useless to lament over their loss.
After a few years Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) suffered from skin disease. His parts of body were covered with loathsome sores. He had many ugly looking ulcers on his face and hands. The sores were full of worms. It is narrated that he picked up those worms which fell from his abscess and praised Allah for creating them.
Above all, his false friends attributed his calamities to his sins. They ridiculed and looked down upon him. All the persons deserted him with the exception of his faithful wife, Rahima. She also grew tired of him in the long run and prayed for his death. She cursed her husband for retaining integrity in Allah. When Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was in an extremely pathetic condition he prayed:
"Truly adversity has afflicted me and You are Most Merciful of all who show mercy." (Surah 21: Verse 83)
Allah accepted his prayer. The Holy Quran affirms:
"Then We heard his prayer and removed that adversity from which he suffered, and We gave him his household and the like thereof along with them, a mercy from Our store and remembrance for the worshippers." (Surah 21: Verse 84)
The Prophet Ayub Recovers and Prospers
Allah turned to him with mercy. He was commanded to strike the earth with his foot. He complied with the order and water from the spring gushed forth. He took a bath with the water and got cured from his evil disease. After this he was restored to prosperity. The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) knelt and prayed expressing a deep sense of gratitude to Allah. He never forgot His favours, mercy and love.
The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was one of the celebrated Prophets. His example illustrates: that those who remain patient under the stress of all circumstances, are never deprived of high rewards. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And surely we try you with something of fear and hunger, and loss of wealth and crops, but give glad-tidings to the steadfast, who when a misfortune befalls them, say lo! we are Allah's (possession of Allah) and to Him shall we surely return. · Such are they on whom are blessings from their Lord, and mercy. Such are the rightly-guided." (Surah 2 : Verse 155-157)
The Prophet Ayub was Well Off
The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was a prosperous man with firm faith in Allah. He possessed vast farms, enormous wealth, many cattle and valuable property but these things did not make him arrogant. His wealth provided him with a medium by means of which he sought Allah's grace.
The Prophet Ayub Displays Patience
The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was a pattern of humility and faith in Allah. He was very patient. He suffered from a number of calamities but did not utter a single word of complaint. One day his big farm was attacked by the thieves. They killed many of his servants and carried away forcibly all his cattle. The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) did not feel sorry at this loss and thanked Allah.
After some time the roof of the house fell down and many members of his family were crushed. The Prophet Ayyub (peace be upon him) was much shocked but he held fast to his faith in Allah. He neither shed a tear nor heaved a sigh. He prostrated before the Almighty. He remarked that possessions and children were the gifts from Allah. If He had taken His things, it was useless to lament over their loss.
After a few years Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) suffered from skin disease. His parts of body were covered with loathsome sores. He had many ugly looking ulcers on his face and hands. The sores were full of worms. It is narrated that he picked up those worms which fell from his abscess and praised Allah for creating them.
Above all, his false friends attributed his calamities to his sins. They ridiculed and looked down upon him. All the persons deserted him with the exception of his faithful wife, Rahima. She also grew tired of him in the long run and prayed for his death. She cursed her husband for retaining integrity in Allah. When Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was in an extremely pathetic condition he prayed:
"Truly adversity has afflicted me and You are Most Merciful of all who show mercy." (Surah 21: Verse 83)
Allah accepted his prayer. The Holy Quran affirms:
"Then We heard his prayer and removed that adversity from which he suffered, and We gave him his household and the like thereof along with them, a mercy from Our store and remembrance for the worshippers." (Surah 21: Verse 84)
The Prophet Ayub Recovers and Prospers
Allah turned to him with mercy. He was commanded to strike the earth with his foot. He complied with the order and water from the spring gushed forth. He took a bath with the water and got cured from his evil disease. After this he was restored to prosperity. The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) knelt and prayed expressing a deep sense of gratitude to Allah. He never forgot His favours, mercy and love.
The Prophet Ayub (peace be upon him) was one of the celebrated Prophets. His example illustrates: that those who remain patient under the stress of all circumstances, are never deprived of high rewards. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And surely we try you with something of fear and hunger, and loss of wealth and crops, but give glad-tidings to the steadfast, who when a misfortune befalls them, say lo! we are Allah's (possession of Allah) and to Him shall we surely return. · Such are they on whom are blessings from their Lord, and mercy. Such are the rightly-guided." (Surah 2 : Verse 155-157)
Prophet Adam (PBUH)
Adam is an Arabic word for man. He was the progenitor of human race. He is reckoned to be the first prophet by the Muslims. He was also the first man whom Almighty Allah had created from the elements of clay. The Holy Quran affirms:
"O' mankind! Surely We created you from dust." (Surah 30: Verse 20)
The gradual process of man's physical development has been referred to in the following Verses of the Holy Quran:
"He began the creation of man from dust. Then He made his progeny of an extract of water held in light esteem. Then He made him complete and breathed into him of His spirit and made for you ears and eyes and heart." (Surah 32: 7-9)
According to the latest scientific researches the man has been created from clay with all its element and their inherent properties. It is discovered by a chemical analysis of the human body that a defect occurs in its normal functioning when the quantity of any of these element gets diminished. In such case vitamins are used to supplement the deficiency and restore normal health.
The Creation of Prophet Adam
Before the creation of mortal, Almighty Allah directed all the Angels to assemble. Thousands upon thousands of Angels (created from light) and Jinns (created from fire) gathered in groups. They bowed respectfully in the presence of Almighty Allah. The Creator of the universe declared that He intended to create the man and sought their counsel. The Angels and Iblis (Satan) disapproved the idea and pointed out that human beings would cause disorder on the earth. They would make mischief and shed blood indiscriminately. The Holy Quran gives a description of this event in the following Verses:
"And when your Lord said to the angels: I am about to appoint a vicegerent in the earth. They said: Will you place therein such as will cause disorder in it or shed blood ? We celebrate your praise and extol your holy names. He answered: I know what you know not." (Surah 2: Verse 30)
Angels were asked to make Obeisance to Adam
Allah taught Adam the names of all things and inculcated into his mind the knowledge of their properties. The Holy Quran says:
"And He taught Adam the names of all things; then presenting them to the angels, He said: Tell Me the names of these if you are right." (Surah 2: Verse 31)
The Angels did not know their names and said:
"Glory be to You. We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Surely, You are Knowing, the Wise." (Surah 2: Verse 32)
After that Allah questioned Adam in the presence of all Angels about the names of different objects. He gave correct answers on the basis of this superiority. Allah asked all the Angels to bow as a mark of respect to Adam who was created so miraculously. The Holy Quran affirms:
"O' angels! Fall down making obeisance to Adam" (Surah 15: Verse 29)
Angels Prostrated but Iblis Refused
When the Angels heard the Commandment of Almighty Allah, they all complied without hesitation. They bowed with respect and admiration to the new creation and that was Adam. However Iblis (Satan) did not surrender on various pretexts and stood still. The Holy Quran says:
"And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam, they did obeisance, not so Iblis, he refused and was haughty and he was of the: rejecters." (Surah 2: Verse 34)
Challenge of Iblis
Iblis disobeyed Allah and became defiant. He arrogantly refused to accept the authority of a creature who was made of rubbish. Iblis thought himself superior to human being. As a result, God expelled Satan from the Garden of Bliss and deprived him of all Divine favors. Satan requested Almighty Allah to allow him to exist until the Day of Judgment. I would bring most of the descendants of Adam under my sway. I would lead them astray from the Right Path. Allah gave him respite. The conversation between God and Iblis has been narrated in the Holy Quran as follows:
"Iblis said: Give me respite till the Resurrection Day. Allah said: Be you among those who are given respite. He said: Because You have thrown me out of the way, I will certainly lie in wait for them on Your Straight Path. Then will assault them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left, nor will You find most of them grateful." (Surah 7: 14-18)
Devil is, in fact, an evil spirit which temps the man to indulge in sins. It invites the heart to do bad deeds and disobey Allah. It tries to weaken our sense of morality but if we are spiritually too strong to yield to its temptations, we become immune from all sins. Those who follow the Commandments of Allah, invite God's grace to protect them. On the other hand those who deliberately follow the wrong way, are responsible because they put themselves into the hands of Evil Spirit.
Hawa Created
In order to remove the lonesomeness of Adam, a female mate named Hawa (Eve) was created. The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife Hawa were given a place in the Garden (of Bliss) to reside. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And O' Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Garden (of Bliss) and eat there from wherever you will but approach not this tree lest you should be: among the wrong-doers." (Surah 7: Verse 20)
Trial of Prophet Adam
The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife Eve continued enjoying each others company and carefully avoiding that specific prohibited tree. Iblis became very jealous when he saw the favors of the Almighty Allah on the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and he began to devise ways and means to humiliate them. He kept on making evil suggestions to the couple in a sneaky way. He tried to persuade them to approach the prohibited tree. One day the Iblis sympathetically said to them:
"Your Lord has only forbidden you this tree lest you should become angels or immortals, and he swore to them saying: Surely, I am a sincere counselor unto you. So he beguiled them by deceit." (Surah 7: Verse 22)
On hearing this both Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and Eve became curious. They started wondering as to why God did not want them to approach the specific tree. This temptation gradually became stronger but Allah guided them alright and warned that not to be taken in by the evil suggestions of Iblis. The Holy Quran says:
"Then We said: O' Adam! Verily, this Iblis is an enemy to you and your wife, so let him not get you both out of the Garden so that you are landed in misery." (Surah 7: Verse 117 )
The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife used to live happily in the Garden of Bliss. They were endowed with the knowledge to discriminate between good and evil. They were also warned of the power of evil. They overpowered all sorts of evil temptations at first and tried hard to ward off the influence of Satan. But he made numerous attempts to misguide them off and on. Finally Satan succeeded in his mission and made them approach that specific tree. Instantly evil consequences appeared. The Holy Quran says:
"When they both tasted of the tree, their private parts became manifest to each other and they both began to cover themselves with the leaves of the trees (in the garden), and their Lord called them saying: Did I not forbid you both from that tree and tell you that Satan was your avowed enemy. They said: Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If you forgive us not and bestow not upon us Your mercy, we shall surely be of the losers." (Surah 7: Verse 23-24)
The Prophet Adam and Hawa Feel Penitence
The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and Eve followed the temptations of Iblis and were deprived of the heavenly bliss. They were, however, overflowed with grief. They requested Almighty Allah to forgive them. Allah, the Most Merciful accepted their repentance and chose them for His mercy. At the same time He dispelled them from the Garden of Bliss. They became ordinary people. They had to live like us for only a certain span of life on this earth. They would be recreated again to be judged for their actions on the Day of Judgment.
Allah gives Directions
They lived for many years. Allah sent directions and guidance to the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him). He taught others about the religion of Allah. He advised his followers to do good and avoid evils. He told the people to act upon the Commandments of Allah and follow his guidance. It would serve the purpose of shield to do away with the attacks of the devil. Allah says:
"Whoso shall follow My Guidance, on them shall come no fear, nor shall they grieve. But those who will disbelieve and treat Our Signs as lies, they shall be the inmates of the fire and they shall abide therein." (Surah 2: Verse 39)
"O' mankind! Surely We created you from dust." (Surah 30: Verse 20)
The gradual process of man's physical development has been referred to in the following Verses of the Holy Quran:
"He began the creation of man from dust. Then He made his progeny of an extract of water held in light esteem. Then He made him complete and breathed into him of His spirit and made for you ears and eyes and heart." (Surah 32: 7-9)
According to the latest scientific researches the man has been created from clay with all its element and their inherent properties. It is discovered by a chemical analysis of the human body that a defect occurs in its normal functioning when the quantity of any of these element gets diminished. In such case vitamins are used to supplement the deficiency and restore normal health.
The Creation of Prophet Adam
Before the creation of mortal, Almighty Allah directed all the Angels to assemble. Thousands upon thousands of Angels (created from light) and Jinns (created from fire) gathered in groups. They bowed respectfully in the presence of Almighty Allah. The Creator of the universe declared that He intended to create the man and sought their counsel. The Angels and Iblis (Satan) disapproved the idea and pointed out that human beings would cause disorder on the earth. They would make mischief and shed blood indiscriminately. The Holy Quran gives a description of this event in the following Verses:
"And when your Lord said to the angels: I am about to appoint a vicegerent in the earth. They said: Will you place therein such as will cause disorder in it or shed blood ? We celebrate your praise and extol your holy names. He answered: I know what you know not." (Surah 2: Verse 30)
Angels were asked to make Obeisance to Adam
Allah taught Adam the names of all things and inculcated into his mind the knowledge of their properties. The Holy Quran says:
"And He taught Adam the names of all things; then presenting them to the angels, He said: Tell Me the names of these if you are right." (Surah 2: Verse 31)
The Angels did not know their names and said:
"Glory be to You. We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Surely, You are Knowing, the Wise." (Surah 2: Verse 32)
After that Allah questioned Adam in the presence of all Angels about the names of different objects. He gave correct answers on the basis of this superiority. Allah asked all the Angels to bow as a mark of respect to Adam who was created so miraculously. The Holy Quran affirms:
"O' angels! Fall down making obeisance to Adam" (Surah 15: Verse 29)
Angels Prostrated but Iblis Refused
When the Angels heard the Commandment of Almighty Allah, they all complied without hesitation. They bowed with respect and admiration to the new creation and that was Adam. However Iblis (Satan) did not surrender on various pretexts and stood still. The Holy Quran says:
"And when We said to the angels: Make obeisance to Adam, they did obeisance, not so Iblis, he refused and was haughty and he was of the: rejecters." (Surah 2: Verse 34)
Challenge of Iblis
Iblis disobeyed Allah and became defiant. He arrogantly refused to accept the authority of a creature who was made of rubbish. Iblis thought himself superior to human being. As a result, God expelled Satan from the Garden of Bliss and deprived him of all Divine favors. Satan requested Almighty Allah to allow him to exist until the Day of Judgment. I would bring most of the descendants of Adam under my sway. I would lead them astray from the Right Path. Allah gave him respite. The conversation between God and Iblis has been narrated in the Holy Quran as follows:
"Iblis said: Give me respite till the Resurrection Day. Allah said: Be you among those who are given respite. He said: Because You have thrown me out of the way, I will certainly lie in wait for them on Your Straight Path. Then will assault them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left, nor will You find most of them grateful." (Surah 7: 14-18)
Devil is, in fact, an evil spirit which temps the man to indulge in sins. It invites the heart to do bad deeds and disobey Allah. It tries to weaken our sense of morality but if we are spiritually too strong to yield to its temptations, we become immune from all sins. Those who follow the Commandments of Allah, invite God's grace to protect them. On the other hand those who deliberately follow the wrong way, are responsible because they put themselves into the hands of Evil Spirit.
Hawa Created
In order to remove the lonesomeness of Adam, a female mate named Hawa (Eve) was created. The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife Hawa were given a place in the Garden (of Bliss) to reside. The Holy Quran affirms:
"And O' Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Garden (of Bliss) and eat there from wherever you will but approach not this tree lest you should be: among the wrong-doers." (Surah 7: Verse 20)
Trial of Prophet Adam
The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife Eve continued enjoying each others company and carefully avoiding that specific prohibited tree. Iblis became very jealous when he saw the favors of the Almighty Allah on the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and he began to devise ways and means to humiliate them. He kept on making evil suggestions to the couple in a sneaky way. He tried to persuade them to approach the prohibited tree. One day the Iblis sympathetically said to them:
"Your Lord has only forbidden you this tree lest you should become angels or immortals, and he swore to them saying: Surely, I am a sincere counselor unto you. So he beguiled them by deceit." (Surah 7: Verse 22)
On hearing this both Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and Eve became curious. They started wondering as to why God did not want them to approach the specific tree. This temptation gradually became stronger but Allah guided them alright and warned that not to be taken in by the evil suggestions of Iblis. The Holy Quran says:
"Then We said: O' Adam! Verily, this Iblis is an enemy to you and your wife, so let him not get you both out of the Garden so that you are landed in misery." (Surah 7: Verse 117 )
The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and his wife used to live happily in the Garden of Bliss. They were endowed with the knowledge to discriminate between good and evil. They were also warned of the power of evil. They overpowered all sorts of evil temptations at first and tried hard to ward off the influence of Satan. But he made numerous attempts to misguide them off and on. Finally Satan succeeded in his mission and made them approach that specific tree. Instantly evil consequences appeared. The Holy Quran says:
"When they both tasted of the tree, their private parts became manifest to each other and they both began to cover themselves with the leaves of the trees (in the garden), and their Lord called them saying: Did I not forbid you both from that tree and tell you that Satan was your avowed enemy. They said: Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If you forgive us not and bestow not upon us Your mercy, we shall surely be of the losers." (Surah 7: Verse 23-24)
The Prophet Adam and Hawa Feel Penitence
The Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) and Eve followed the temptations of Iblis and were deprived of the heavenly bliss. They were, however, overflowed with grief. They requested Almighty Allah to forgive them. Allah, the Most Merciful accepted their repentance and chose them for His mercy. At the same time He dispelled them from the Garden of Bliss. They became ordinary people. They had to live like us for only a certain span of life on this earth. They would be recreated again to be judged for their actions on the Day of Judgment.
Allah gives Directions
They lived for many years. Allah sent directions and guidance to the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him). He taught others about the religion of Allah. He advised his followers to do good and avoid evils. He told the people to act upon the Commandments of Allah and follow his guidance. It would serve the purpose of shield to do away with the attacks of the devil. Allah says:
"Whoso shall follow My Guidance, on them shall come no fear, nor shall they grieve. But those who will disbelieve and treat Our Signs as lies, they shall be the inmates of the fire and they shall abide therein." (Surah 2: Verse 39)
Life of Muhammed (PBUH) major dates of his life
The Holy Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, peace be upon him, born an orphan His father Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, had died a few months before the birth of his son. Birthddate, 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 52 or 53 BH April 570 or 571 AD
Brief Description Approx. Date Age
Approximate Year
(according to Lunar Calendar) Hijra Georgian
Hadrat Halima Sadiyya, may Allah be pleased with her, appointed wet nurse. 8 days
Return to Mecca under the care of his mother 6 Years 46 BH 577 AD
Mother, Hadrat Amina, may Allah be pleased with her, passes away 6 Years 46 BH 577 AD
Grandfather, Hadrat Abdul-Muttalib, may Allah be pleased with him, died 8 Years 44 BH 579 AD
First visit to Syria with a trading caravan 12 years 40 BH 583 AD
Second journey to Syria for trade as an agent of Hadrat Khadija, may Allah be pleased with her 25 Years 28 BH 595 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Khadija, may Allah be pleased with her 25 Years 28 BH 595 AD
Birth of a son, Hadrat Qasim (may Allah be pleased with him) 28 Years 25 BH 598 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Zainab, may Allah be pleased with her 30 Years 23 BH 600 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Ruqayya, may Allah be pleased with her 33 Years 20 BH 603 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Um-e-Kalthum, may Allah be pleased with her 34 years 19 BH 604 AD
Renovation of Ka'aba and the placement of Hajr-e-Aswad (Black Stone) 35 years 18 BH 605 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her 35 years 18 BH 605 AD
Hadrat Jibrail bought the First Revelation in the Cave of Hira 40 Years 12 BH 610 AD
Revelation of the Holy Quran continues, Ministry of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is established. Hadrat Khadija (the wife), Hadrat Abu Bakr (the best friend), Hadrat Ali (the dearest cousin) and Hadrat Zaid (a freed slave and adopted son), may Allah be pleased with them all, accept Islam 40 Years 6 months 12 BH 14 August 610 AD
Open invitation to the people of Mecca to join Islam under Allah's command 18 Ramadan 43 Years 9 BH 614 AD
A group of Muslims emigrates to Abyssinia 46 Years 7 BH 615 AD
Blockade of Shi'b Abi-Talib 30 September 46 Years 7 BH 615 AD
Hadrat Hamza (paternal uncle) and Hadrat Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, accept Islam 46 Years 6 BH 616 AD
Hadrat Abu Talib, (beloved uncle and guardian) and only a few days later, Hadrat Khadija, the most beloved wife, may Allah be pleased with them, passed away Ramadan 49 Years 3 BH January 619 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Sau'da, may Allah be pleased with her 49 Years
3 BH 619 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her 49 Years 3 BH 619 AD
Journey to Ta'if, about 40 miles from Mecca, for calling the citizens of Ta'if to Islam 49 Years 3 BH 619 AD
Journey of Mi'raj. Five daily prayers made obligatory for Muslims 27 Rajab 50 Years 2 BH 8 March 620 AD
Deputation from Medina accepts Islam 50 Years 2 BH 620 AD
First Pledge of 'Aq'ba' Dhul Haj 52 Years 1 BH 621 AD
Second Pledge of 'Aq'ba June 52 Years 3 months BH 622 AD
Hijra (migration) from Mecca to the cave of Thaur Friday 27 Safar 52 Years 10 September 622
Migration to Medina begins Monday 1 Rabi-ul-Awwal 52 Years 13 September 622 AD
Arrival at Medina after the first Friday Prayer at Quba's Mosque
12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 53 Years 1st year AH 24 September 622 AD
Construction of the Holy Prophet's Mosque at Medina. Hadrat Bilal's call for Prayer (Adhan) 53 Years 1st year AH 622 AD
Brotherhood pacts between Ansar (Muslims from Medina) and Muhajirin (immigrants from Mecca) 53 Years 1st year AH 622 AD
Treaty with Jews of Medina 53 Years 1st year AH
Permission to fight in self-defense is granted by Allah 12 Safar 53 Years 2 AH 14 August 623 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Waddan 29 Safar 53 Years 2 AH 31 August 623
Ghazwa (Battle) of Safwan 54 Years 2 AH 623 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) Dul-'Ashir 54 Years 2 AH 623 AD
Hadrat Salman Farsi, may Allah be pleased with him, accepts Islam 54 Years 2 AH 624 AD
Revelation and change of Qibla (direction to face for Formal Prayers, Salat) towards Ka'ba, Fasting in the month of Ramadan becomes obligatory 54 Years Sha'abn 2 AH February 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Badr 12-17 Ramadan 54 Years 2 AH March 8-13, 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Salim 25 Ramadan 54 Years 2 AH 21 March 624 AD
Initiation of Eid-ul-Fitr and Zakat-ul-Fitr (Alms at the Eid-ul-Fitr). 28 Ramadan / 1 Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH 24/25 March 624 AD
Zakat becomes obligatory for Muslims Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH April 624 AD
Nikah and Marriage ceremony of Hadrat Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH April 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Qainuqa' 15 Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH 10 April 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Sawiq 5 Dhul-Haj 54 Years 2 AH 29 May 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Ghatfan Muharram 54 Years 3 AH July 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bahran 55 Years Rabi-us-Sani 3 AH October 624 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Hafsa, may Allah be pleased with her Shaban 55 Years 3 AH January 625 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Uhad 6 Shawwal 55 Years 3 AH 22 March 625
Ghazwa (Battle) of Humra-ul-Asad 8 Shawwal 55 Years 3 AH 24 March 625 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Zainab Bint Khazima, may Allah be pleased with her Dhul-Haj 55 Years 3 AH May 625 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Banu Nudair Rabi-ul-Awwal 56 Years 4 AH August 625 AD
Prohibition of Drinking in Islam Rabi-ul-Awwal 56 Years 4 AH August 625 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Dhatur-Riqa Jamadi-ul-Awwal 56 Years 4 AH October 625 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Um-e-Salma, may Allah be pleased with her Shawwal 56 Years 4 AH March 626 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Badru-Ukhra Dhi Qad 56 Years 4 AH April 626
Ghazwa (Battle) of Dumatul-Jandal 25 Rabi-ul-Awwal 57 Years 5 AH 626 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Banu Mustalaq Nikah with Hadrat Jawariya bint Harith, may Allah be pleased with her 3 Shaban 57 Years 5 AH 28 December 626 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Zainab bint Hajash, may Allah be pleased with her
57 Years Shawwal 5 AH February 627 AD
Revelation for Hijab, rules of modesty 1 Dhi Qa'd 57 Years 5 AH 24 March 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Ahzab or Khandaq (Ditch) 8 Dhi Qa'd 57 Years 5 AH 31 March 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Quraiza Dhul-Haj 57 Years 5 AH April 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Lahyan 1 Rabi-ul-Awwal 57 Years 6 AH 21 July 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Dhi Qard or Ghaiba Rabi-ul-Akhar 58 Years 6 AH August 627 AD
Treaty of Hudaibiyya 1 Dhi Qa'd 58 Years 6 AH 13 March 628 AD
Prohibition of Marriage with non-believers Dhi Qa'd 58 Years 6 AH March 628 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Habiba, may Allah be pleased with her Dhul-Haj 58 Years 6 AH April 628 AD
Invitation sent to various rulers to accept Islam 1 Muharram 58 Years 7AH 628 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Khaibar Return of Muslims from Abyssinia. Marriage with Hadrat Safiyya, may Allah be pleased with her. Ghazwa (Battle) of Wadiyul-Qura and Taim. Muharram 58 Years 7 AH June 628 AD
Performance of Umra (Umratul-Qada) Marriage with Hadrat Maimuna, may Allah be pleased with her Dhi Qa'd 59 Years 7 AH March 629 AD
Hadrat Khalid bin Walid and Hadrat Umar bin Al-'Aas, may Allah be pleased with both, accept Islam Safar 60 Years 8 AH June 629 AD
Ghazwa of Muta Jamadi-ul-Awwal 60 Years 8 AH August 629 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Mecca and Fall of Mecca 10 Ramadan 60 Years 8 AH 1 January 630 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Hunain (or Autas or Hawazan) and Ghazwa (Battle) of Ta'if Shawwal 60 Years
8 AH January 630 AD
Arrival in Ja'rana Deputation from Hawazan accepts Islam 5 Dhi Qa'd 60 Years 8 AH 24 February 630 AD
Regular establishment of Department of Zakat (Alms) and Sadaqa (Charity), and appointment of administrative officers Muharram 60 Years 9 AH April 630 AD
Deputation from Ghadra accepts Islam Safar 60 Years 9 AH May 630 AD
Deputation from Balli accepts Islam Rabi-ul-Awwal 61 Years 9 AH June 630 AD
Ummul-Muminin Hadrat Mariya, may Allah be pleased with her, gave birth to a son, Hadrat Ibrahim, may Allah be pleased with him Jamadi-ul-Akhar 61 Years 9 AH August 630 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Tabuk, the last great battle lead by the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him Rajab 61 Years 9 AH October 630 AD
Ordinance of Jizya, tax on non-believers seeking protection from Muslims and exemption from military service in defense of the country they were living in as its citizens Rajab 61 Years 9 AH October 630 AD
Pilgrimage journey of Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddique, may Allah be pleased with him Dhi Qa'd 61 Years 9 AH February 631 AD
Hajj (pilgrimage of Ka'ba in Mecca) made Obligatory by Allah, Interest is prohibited in Islam 61 Years 9 AH 631 AD
Deputation Tai, Hamadan, Bani Asad and Bani Abbas, all accept Islam, Deputation from Ghuttan accepts Islam Ramadan 62 Years 10AH 631 AD
Departure from Medina for Mecca for Hajjatul-Wida (Farewell Pilgrimage) 25 Dhi Qa'd 62 Years 10 AH 23 February 632 AD
Entry into Mecca for Hajjatul-Wida (Farewell Pilgrimage) 4 Dhul-Haj 62 Years 10 AH 1 March 632 AD
Hajjatul-Wida, departure for 'Arafat, Farewell Sermon Received the last revelation from Allah Friday 9 Dhul Hajj 62 Years 10 AH 6 March 632 AD
Return from Mana, Hajjatul-Wida 13 Dhul-Hajj 62 Years 10 AH 10 March 632 AD
Arrival of deputations from Nakha' Last deputation received by the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him 15 Muharram 62 Years 11 AH 11 April 632 AD
Sarya Usama bin Zaid, may Allah be pleased with him, last successful military mission during the Holy Prophet's life 28 Safar 62 Years 11 AH 24 May 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, falls ill Monday 29 Safar 62 Years 11 AH 25 May 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, lead the last Salat four days before his departure from this world Wednesday 8 Rabi-ul-Awwal 62 Years 11 AH 3 June 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, offered his last Prayer in congregation in the Mosque lead by Hadrat Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him Monday 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 63 Years 11 AH 7 June 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, passed away Monday 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 63 Years 11 AH 7 June 632 AD
Janaza (funeral) Prayer and burial
Brief Description Approx. Date Age
Approximate Year
(according to Lunar Calendar) Hijra Georgian
Hadrat Halima Sadiyya, may Allah be pleased with her, appointed wet nurse. 8 days
Return to Mecca under the care of his mother 6 Years 46 BH 577 AD
Mother, Hadrat Amina, may Allah be pleased with her, passes away 6 Years 46 BH 577 AD
Grandfather, Hadrat Abdul-Muttalib, may Allah be pleased with him, died 8 Years 44 BH 579 AD
First visit to Syria with a trading caravan 12 years 40 BH 583 AD
Second journey to Syria for trade as an agent of Hadrat Khadija, may Allah be pleased with her 25 Years 28 BH 595 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Khadija, may Allah be pleased with her 25 Years 28 BH 595 AD
Birth of a son, Hadrat Qasim (may Allah be pleased with him) 28 Years 25 BH 598 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Zainab, may Allah be pleased with her 30 Years 23 BH 600 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Ruqayya, may Allah be pleased with her 33 Years 20 BH 603 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Um-e-Kalthum, may Allah be pleased with her 34 years 19 BH 604 AD
Renovation of Ka'aba and the placement of Hajr-e-Aswad (Black Stone) 35 years 18 BH 605 AD
Birth of his daughter, Hadrat Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her 35 years 18 BH 605 AD
Hadrat Jibrail bought the First Revelation in the Cave of Hira 40 Years 12 BH 610 AD
Revelation of the Holy Quran continues, Ministry of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is established. Hadrat Khadija (the wife), Hadrat Abu Bakr (the best friend), Hadrat Ali (the dearest cousin) and Hadrat Zaid (a freed slave and adopted son), may Allah be pleased with them all, accept Islam 40 Years 6 months 12 BH 14 August 610 AD
Open invitation to the people of Mecca to join Islam under Allah's command 18 Ramadan 43 Years 9 BH 614 AD
A group of Muslims emigrates to Abyssinia 46 Years 7 BH 615 AD
Blockade of Shi'b Abi-Talib 30 September 46 Years 7 BH 615 AD
Hadrat Hamza (paternal uncle) and Hadrat Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, accept Islam 46 Years 6 BH 616 AD
Hadrat Abu Talib, (beloved uncle and guardian) and only a few days later, Hadrat Khadija, the most beloved wife, may Allah be pleased with them, passed away Ramadan 49 Years 3 BH January 619 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Sau'da, may Allah be pleased with her 49 Years
3 BH 619 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her 49 Years 3 BH 619 AD
Journey to Ta'if, about 40 miles from Mecca, for calling the citizens of Ta'if to Islam 49 Years 3 BH 619 AD
Journey of Mi'raj. Five daily prayers made obligatory for Muslims 27 Rajab 50 Years 2 BH 8 March 620 AD
Deputation from Medina accepts Islam 50 Years 2 BH 620 AD
First Pledge of 'Aq'ba' Dhul Haj 52 Years 1 BH 621 AD
Second Pledge of 'Aq'ba June 52 Years 3 months BH 622 AD
Hijra (migration) from Mecca to the cave of Thaur Friday 27 Safar 52 Years 10 September 622
Migration to Medina begins Monday 1 Rabi-ul-Awwal 52 Years 13 September 622 AD
Arrival at Medina after the first Friday Prayer at Quba's Mosque
12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 53 Years 1st year AH 24 September 622 AD
Construction of the Holy Prophet's Mosque at Medina. Hadrat Bilal's call for Prayer (Adhan) 53 Years 1st year AH 622 AD
Brotherhood pacts between Ansar (Muslims from Medina) and Muhajirin (immigrants from Mecca) 53 Years 1st year AH 622 AD
Treaty with Jews of Medina 53 Years 1st year AH
Permission to fight in self-defense is granted by Allah 12 Safar 53 Years 2 AH 14 August 623 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Waddan 29 Safar 53 Years 2 AH 31 August 623
Ghazwa (Battle) of Safwan 54 Years 2 AH 623 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) Dul-'Ashir 54 Years 2 AH 623 AD
Hadrat Salman Farsi, may Allah be pleased with him, accepts Islam 54 Years 2 AH 624 AD
Revelation and change of Qibla (direction to face for Formal Prayers, Salat) towards Ka'ba, Fasting in the month of Ramadan becomes obligatory 54 Years Sha'abn 2 AH February 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Badr 12-17 Ramadan 54 Years 2 AH March 8-13, 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Salim 25 Ramadan 54 Years 2 AH 21 March 624 AD
Initiation of Eid-ul-Fitr and Zakat-ul-Fitr (Alms at the Eid-ul-Fitr). 28 Ramadan / 1 Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH 24/25 March 624 AD
Zakat becomes obligatory for Muslims Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH April 624 AD
Nikah and Marriage ceremony of Hadrat Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH April 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Qainuqa' 15 Shawwal 54 Years 2 AH 10 April 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Sawiq 5 Dhul-Haj 54 Years 2 AH 29 May 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Ghatfan Muharram 54 Years 3 AH July 624 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bahran 55 Years Rabi-us-Sani 3 AH October 624 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Hafsa, may Allah be pleased with her Shaban 55 Years 3 AH January 625 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Uhad 6 Shawwal 55 Years 3 AH 22 March 625
Ghazwa (Battle) of Humra-ul-Asad 8 Shawwal 55 Years 3 AH 24 March 625 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Zainab Bint Khazima, may Allah be pleased with her Dhul-Haj 55 Years 3 AH May 625 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Banu Nudair Rabi-ul-Awwal 56 Years 4 AH August 625 AD
Prohibition of Drinking in Islam Rabi-ul-Awwal 56 Years 4 AH August 625 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Dhatur-Riqa Jamadi-ul-Awwal 56 Years 4 AH October 625 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Um-e-Salma, may Allah be pleased with her Shawwal 56 Years 4 AH March 626 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Badru-Ukhra Dhi Qad 56 Years 4 AH April 626
Ghazwa (Battle) of Dumatul-Jandal 25 Rabi-ul-Awwal 57 Years 5 AH 626 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Banu Mustalaq Nikah with Hadrat Jawariya bint Harith, may Allah be pleased with her 3 Shaban 57 Years 5 AH 28 December 626 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Zainab bint Hajash, may Allah be pleased with her
57 Years Shawwal 5 AH February 627 AD
Revelation for Hijab, rules of modesty 1 Dhi Qa'd 57 Years 5 AH 24 March 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Ahzab or Khandaq (Ditch) 8 Dhi Qa'd 57 Years 5 AH 31 March 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Quraiza Dhul-Haj 57 Years 5 AH April 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Bani Lahyan 1 Rabi-ul-Awwal 57 Years 6 AH 21 July 627 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Dhi Qard or Ghaiba Rabi-ul-Akhar 58 Years 6 AH August 627 AD
Treaty of Hudaibiyya 1 Dhi Qa'd 58 Years 6 AH 13 March 628 AD
Prohibition of Marriage with non-believers Dhi Qa'd 58 Years 6 AH March 628 AD
Marriage with Hadrat Habiba, may Allah be pleased with her Dhul-Haj 58 Years 6 AH April 628 AD
Invitation sent to various rulers to accept Islam 1 Muharram 58 Years 7AH 628 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Khaibar Return of Muslims from Abyssinia. Marriage with Hadrat Safiyya, may Allah be pleased with her. Ghazwa (Battle) of Wadiyul-Qura and Taim. Muharram 58 Years 7 AH June 628 AD
Performance of Umra (Umratul-Qada) Marriage with Hadrat Maimuna, may Allah be pleased with her Dhi Qa'd 59 Years 7 AH March 629 AD
Hadrat Khalid bin Walid and Hadrat Umar bin Al-'Aas, may Allah be pleased with both, accept Islam Safar 60 Years 8 AH June 629 AD
Ghazwa of Muta Jamadi-ul-Awwal 60 Years 8 AH August 629 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Mecca and Fall of Mecca 10 Ramadan 60 Years 8 AH 1 January 630 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Hunain (or Autas or Hawazan) and Ghazwa (Battle) of Ta'if Shawwal 60 Years
8 AH January 630 AD
Arrival in Ja'rana Deputation from Hawazan accepts Islam 5 Dhi Qa'd 60 Years 8 AH 24 February 630 AD
Regular establishment of Department of Zakat (Alms) and Sadaqa (Charity), and appointment of administrative officers Muharram 60 Years 9 AH April 630 AD
Deputation from Ghadra accepts Islam Safar 60 Years 9 AH May 630 AD
Deputation from Balli accepts Islam Rabi-ul-Awwal 61 Years 9 AH June 630 AD
Ummul-Muminin Hadrat Mariya, may Allah be pleased with her, gave birth to a son, Hadrat Ibrahim, may Allah be pleased with him Jamadi-ul-Akhar 61 Years 9 AH August 630 AD
Ghazwa (Battle) of Tabuk, the last great battle lead by the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him Rajab 61 Years 9 AH October 630 AD
Ordinance of Jizya, tax on non-believers seeking protection from Muslims and exemption from military service in defense of the country they were living in as its citizens Rajab 61 Years 9 AH October 630 AD
Pilgrimage journey of Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddique, may Allah be pleased with him Dhi Qa'd 61 Years 9 AH February 631 AD
Hajj (pilgrimage of Ka'ba in Mecca) made Obligatory by Allah, Interest is prohibited in Islam 61 Years 9 AH 631 AD
Deputation Tai, Hamadan, Bani Asad and Bani Abbas, all accept Islam, Deputation from Ghuttan accepts Islam Ramadan 62 Years 10AH 631 AD
Departure from Medina for Mecca for Hajjatul-Wida (Farewell Pilgrimage) 25 Dhi Qa'd 62 Years 10 AH 23 February 632 AD
Entry into Mecca for Hajjatul-Wida (Farewell Pilgrimage) 4 Dhul-Haj 62 Years 10 AH 1 March 632 AD
Hajjatul-Wida, departure for 'Arafat, Farewell Sermon Received the last revelation from Allah Friday 9 Dhul Hajj 62 Years 10 AH 6 March 632 AD
Return from Mana, Hajjatul-Wida 13 Dhul-Hajj 62 Years 10 AH 10 March 632 AD
Arrival of deputations from Nakha' Last deputation received by the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him 15 Muharram 62 Years 11 AH 11 April 632 AD
Sarya Usama bin Zaid, may Allah be pleased with him, last successful military mission during the Holy Prophet's life 28 Safar 62 Years 11 AH 24 May 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, falls ill Monday 29 Safar 62 Years 11 AH 25 May 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, lead the last Salat four days before his departure from this world Wednesday 8 Rabi-ul-Awwal 62 Years 11 AH 3 June 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, offered his last Prayer in congregation in the Mosque lead by Hadrat Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him Monday 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 63 Years 11 AH 7 June 632 AD
The Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, passed away Monday 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 63 Years 11 AH 7 June 632 AD
Janaza (funeral) Prayer and burial
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